Readiness on Online Learning Modality Among Junior High School Teachers of a National High School
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37034/residu.v2i2.171Keywords:
Online Learning Modality, Teaching-learning Process, Readiness, Descriptive Survey, Junior High School TeachersAbstract
One of the modalities used to continue education here in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic is the online learning modality. Online learning will be considered successful if the teachers handling this modality are equipped with appropriate knowledge and the right attitudes and online practices for this kind of teaching. To be regarded as an influential online teacher, their readiness for the modality should be high. This research study describes the of preparedness of high school teacher-respondents of Locloc National High School regarding the use of online learning modality by assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the thirty-six teacher-respondents focusing on the use of online learning. An online questionnaire was developed and given to each respondent, following strict health guidelines and protocols. Constructed on the research outcomes, Locloc National High School teachers have high knowledge, proper attitudes, and sound practices when it comes to implementing and utilizing the online class modality in their school. Therefore, respondents have a high level of readiness about using online learning modalities for their students. For further improvement of teachers regarding the use of online learning modality, an Online Learning Modality Enhancement Program (Table 20) should be taken into consideration. Other divisions should adapt it for teacher readiness enhancement for online learning modality.
Downloads
References
Annual Report 2020-2021. (2023, October 9). Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/publications/annual-report-2020-2021/
Yu, D., Zhang, W., & Chen, X. (2006, June). New generation of e-learning technologies. In First International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS'06) (Vol. 2, pp. 455-459). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMSCCS.2006.243
Li, X. (2009). Review of distance education used in higher education in China. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 7(2).
Cheng, K. (2006). A research study on students’ level of acceptance in applying e-learning for business courses–A case study on a technical college in Taiwan. Journal of American Academy of business, 8(2), 265-270.
FitzPatrick, T. (2012). Key Success Factors of eLearning in Education: A Professional Development Model to Evaluate and Support eLearning. Online Submission.
Bloom, B. S., & Özçelik, D. A. (2012). İnsan nitelikleri ve okulda öğrenme. Pegem Akademi.
Wicks, M. (2010). A National Primer on K-12 Online Learning. Version 2. International association for K-12 online learning.
Smith, P. J., Murphy, K. L., & Mahoney, S. E. (2003). Towards identifying factors underlying readiness for online learning: An exploratory study. Distance education, 24(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910303043
Watson, J., & Johnson, L. K. (2010). Online learning: A 21st century approach to education. In Bringing schools into the 21st century (pp. 205-223). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0268-4_10
Riel, M., & Polin, L. (2004). Learning communities: Common ground and critical differences in designing technical support. Designing for virtual communities in the service of learning, 16-52.
Schwen, T. M., & Hara, N. (2003). Community of practice: A metaphor for online design?. The Information Society, 19(3), 257-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240309462
Barab, S. A., Squire, K., & Dueber, B. (2000). Supporting authenticity through participatory learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(2), 37-62.
Barab, S. A., Thomas, M. K., & Merrill, H. (2001). Online learning: From information dissemination to fostering collaboration. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 12(1), 105-143.
Tint, H. (2012). Perspectives of Open and Distance Learning in Myanmar. Yangon University of Distance Education.
Yin, H., Wang, W., & Han, J. (2016). Chinese undergraduates’ perceptions of teaching quality and the effects on approaches to studying and course satisfaction. Higher Education, 71, 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9887-5
Herrington, J., Oliver, R., & Reeves, T. C. (2003). Patterns of engagement in authentic online learning environments. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1701
Harasim, L. M. (1995). Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. MIT press.
Campos, M., & Harasim, L. (1999). Virtual-U: Results and challenges of unique field trials. The Technology Source, 6, 1999-07.
Usagawa, T. (2018). Change in E-learning Readiness and Challenge for Myanmar Higher Education. Creative Education, 9(9), 1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.99095
Aung, T. N., & Khaing, S. S. (2016). Challenges of implementing e-learning in developing countries: A review. In Genetic and Evolutionary Computing: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, August 26-28, 2015, Yangon, Myanmar-Volume II 9 (pp. 405-411). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23207-2_41
Peters, T. (2005). E-ready for what? E-readiness in developing countries: Current status and prospects toward the millennium development goals. infoDev, bridges. org.
Abdullah, M. S., & Toycan, M. (2017). Analysis of the factors for the successful e-learning services adoption from education providers’ and students’ perspectives: A case study of private universities in Northern Iraq. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(3), 1097-1109. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/81554
So, T., & Swatman, P. (2010). Assessing e-learning readiness of teachers and schools in Hong Kong (pp. 4051-4059). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Bangert-Drowns, R. L., & Pyke, C. (2001). A taxonomy of student engagement with educational software: An exploration of literate thinking with electronic text. Journal of Educational computing research, 24(3), 213-234. https://doi.org/10.2190/0CKM-FKTR-0CPF-JLGR
Kearsley, G., & Shneiderman, B. (1998). Engagement theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Educational technology, 38(5), 20-23.
Abisado, M. B., Unico, M. G., Umoso, D. G., Manuel, F. E., & Barroso, S. S. (2020). A flexible learning framework implementing asynchronous course delivery for Philippine local colleges and universities. International Journal, 9(1.3).
Magsambol, B. (2020). Back to school during a pandemic: Issues that need to be solved before October 5. Rappler.
Kasrekar, D., & Tapaswi, G. W. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on education system in India. Latest Laws. com, May, 16, 2020.
Tanhueco-Tumapon, T. (2020). Health Devolution: Response to COVID-19. Philippine Institute of Development Studies, 27, 242-273.
Oza, N. C., & Russell, S. (2001). Online ensemble learning (p. 2). University of California, Berkeley.
Alipio, M. (2020). Academic success as estimated by locus of control and motivation.
Francescucci, A., & Rohani, L. (2019). Exclusively synchronous online (VIRI) learning: The impact on student performance and engagement outcomes. Journal of marketing Education, 41(1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475318818864
Pérez, N. B. C. (2020). Teachers’ Experiences in Schools that Serve Rural Communities in The Dominican Republic: Their Readiness to Respond to Challenges. Western Michigan University.
Selim, T. H. (2015). American University College: A Mini Case on Higher Education. Selim, Tarek H.(2015). Case Study:" American University College: A Mini Case on Higher Education", Harvard University Graduate School of Education, Harvard Institute for Higher Education, Summer.
Saxena, A., Saxena, A., & Gupta, S. (2020). Factors affecting the effective implementation of MOOCs in India. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System, 12(4), 9-20.
Ekman, K., & Walker, R. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) survey summary report for the Duluth lakeside stormwater reduction project (LSRP). University of Minnesota. Water Resources Center.
Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications.
Wuensch, K. L. (2015). How do you pronounce “Likert?” What is a Likert Scale.
Hicks, S. D. (2012). Self-efficacy and classroom management: A correlation study regarding the factors that influence classroom management. Liberty University.
Jenks, C. J. (2004). The effects of age, sex and language proficiency on the self-efficacy of English language learners. ARECLS E-Journal, 1, 50-63.
Tschannen-Moran, M., & Tschannen-Moran, B. (2017). Evoking greatness: Coaching to bring out the best in educational leaders. Corwin Press.
McConnell-Ginet, S. (2011). Gender, sexuality, and meaning: Linguistic practice and politics. Oxford University Press.
Acker, S. (1995). Chapter 3: Gender and teachers’ work. Review of research in education, 21(1), 99-162.
Tašner, V., Mihelič, M. Ž., & Čeplak, M. M. (2017). Gender in the Teaching Profession: University Students’ Views of Teaching as a Career. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 7(2), 47-69.
Good, A. G., Fox Barocas, S., Chávez-Moreno, L. C., Feldman, R., & Canela, C. (2017). A seat at the table: How the work of teaching impacts teachers as policy agents. Peabody Journal of Education, 92(4), 505-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2017.1349490
Benson, G. S., Finegold, D., & Mohrman, S. A. (2004). You paid for the skills, now keep them: Tuition reimbursement and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management journal, 47(3), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.5465/20159584
Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. Little, Brown.
Rhoden, C. L., West, J., Renfree, A., Corbett, M., & Gibson, A. S. C. (2015). Adaptive self-regulation in cycle time trials: goal pursuit, goal disengagement and the affective experience. Journal of Science and Cycling, 4(3), 44-52.
Graham, L. J., White, S. L., Cologon, K., & Pianta, R. C. (2020). Do teachers’ years of experience make a difference in the quality of teaching?. Teaching and teacher education, 96, 103190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103190
Ladd, H. F., & Sorensen, L. C. (2017). Returns to teacher experience: Student achievement and motivation in middle school. Education Finance and Policy, 12(2), 241-279. https://doi.org/10.1162/EDFP_a_00194
Levano-Francia, L., Sanchez Diaz, S., Guillén-Aparicio, P., Tello-Cabello, S., Herrera-Paico, N., & Collantes-Inga, Z. (2019). Competencias digitales y educación. Propósitos y representaciones, 7(2), 569-588.
Landívar, N. E. J., & Puerta, J. G. (2016). Las TIC en los países andinos: programas escolares y papel del docente [ICT in andean countries: school programs and role of the teacher]. ENSAYOS. Revista de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete, 31(1), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.18239/ensayos.v31i1.1036
Levano-Francia, L., Sanchez Diaz, S., Guillén-Aparicio, P., Tello-Cabello, S., Herrera-Paico, N., & Collantes-Inga, Z. (2019). Digital Competences and Education. Journal of Educational Psychology-Propositos y Representaciones, 7(2), 579-588.
Van Laar, E., van Deursen, A. J., van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2018). 21st-century digital skills instrument aimed at working professionals: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Telematics and informatics, 35(8), 2184-2200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.08.006
Knezek, G., & Christensen, R. (2016). Extending the will, skill, tool model of technology integration: Adding pedagogy as a new model construct. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 28(3), 307-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-016-9120-2
Lawrence, J. E., & Tar, U. A. (2018). Factors that influence teachers’ adoption and integration of ICT in teaching/learning process. Educational Media International, 55(1), 79-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2018.1439712
Zhang, Y., Li, X., Qiao, S., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2020). Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-related knowledge seeking among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China: Role of information & communication technology (ICT). Libri, 70(3), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2019-0144
Ocaña-Fernández, Y., Valenzuela-Fernández, L., & Morillo-Flores, J. (2020). La competencia digital en el docente universitario. Propósitos y representaciones, 8(1).
Sanz, J. I. M. (2020). Uso de TIC en orientación educativa en tiempos de COVID-19. Revista de Orientación Educativa AOSMA, (28), 88-91.
Katz, R. (2018). Capital humano para la transformación digital en América Latina. Cepal. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/32HIiaK
Graham, C. R., & Misanchuk, M. (2004). Computer-mediated learning groups: Benefits and challenges to using groupwork in online learning environments. In Online collaborative learning: Theory and practice (pp. 181-202). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-174-2.ch008
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2012). Distance education: A systems view of online learning.
Lewis, C. (2015). What is improvement science? Do we need it in education?. Educational researcher, 44(1), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X15570388
Kim, M. C., & Hannafin, M. J. (2011). Scaffolding problem solving in technology-enhanced learning environments (TELEs): Bridging research and theory with practice. Computers & Education, 56(2), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.08.024
Rowe, F. (2014). What literature review is not: diversity, boundaries and recommendations. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(3), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.08.024
Cluskey Jr, G. R., Ehlen, C. R., & Raiborn, M. H. (2011). Thwarting online exam cheating without proctor supervision. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 4, 1.
Dunn, T. P., Meine, M. F., & McCarley, J. (2010). The remote proctor: An innovative technological solution for online course integrity. International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society, 6(1), 1.
Dante, E. (2010). The shadow scholar. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 12.
Friedman, I. A. (2000). Burnout in teachers: Shattered dreams of impeccable professional performance. Journal of clinical psychology, 56(5), 595-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200005)56:5%3C595::AID-JCLP2%3E3.0.CO;2-Q
Stanovich, P. J., & Jordan, A. (1998). Canadian teachers' and principals' beliefs about inclusive education as predictors of effective teaching in heterogeneous classrooms. The Elementary School Journal, 98(3), 221-238.
Sherman, J., Rasmussen, C., & Baydala, L. (2008). The impact of teacher factors on achievement and behavioural outcomes of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A review of the literature. Educational research, 50(4), 347-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880802499803
Cline, Z., & Necochea, J. (2006, September). Teacher dispositions for effective education in the borderlands. In The Educational Forum (Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 268-282). Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720608984902
Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational?: Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Psychology Press.
Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2017). Real‐world correlates of performance on heuristics and biases tasks in a community sample. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30(2), 541-554. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1973
Elik, N. (2007). Preservice teachers' attitudes and self-reported behaviours toward learning and behavioural problems in children. Library and Archives Canada= Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, Ottawa.
Getange, K. N. (2016). Motivational strategies and teachers’ productivity: lessons of experience from public secondary schools in Kisii county, Kenya. IOSR Journal of Research and Method in Education, 6(4), 33-38.
Wankel, L. A., & Blessinger, P. (2013). New pathways in higher education: An introduction to using mobile technologies. In Increasing student engagement and retention using mobile applications: Smartphones, Skype and texting technologies (pp. 3-17). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-9968(2013)000006D003
IMMANUEL, M. G., & SIVAPRIYA, M. B. (2012). A Versatile Teacher–A Timely Alternate To Ancient Teachers.
Kurniawan, D., & Juwita, M. (2020, December). Effectiveness and teachers’ confidence in e-learning usage in teaching and learning English during Covid 19 pandemic at a university. In 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020) (pp. 273-277). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.042
Esgi, N. (2013). Comparison Of Effects Of E-Learning Types Designed According To The Expository Teaching Method On Student Opinions. International Journal of Academic Research, 5(5).
Garrison, D. R. (2016). E-learning in the 21st century: A community of inquiry framework for research and practice. Routledge.